The sparse treatment options in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) makes its treatment very challenging. Long treatment duration and toxic adverse effect of anti-lesihmanial drugs further add to the problem of effective management. As still no effective vaccine is available, the sole treatment of VL is only based on anti-lesihmanial drugs. Also the increasing resistance to existing drugs also pose a hurdle to VL treatment. In Indian sub-continent, single dose of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) and multidrug therapy (L-AmB + miltefosine, L-AmB + paromomycin (PM), or miltefosine + PM) are the treatment of choice for VL.